National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
2
NIH Budget at a Glance
Change
FY 2005 Actual
$28,644 M
FY 2006 Appropriation
$28,578 M
-0.2%
FY 2006 NIH Program Level
$28,587 M
FY 2007 President's Budget - Budget Authority
$28,578 M
0.0%
FY 2007 NIH Program Level
$28,587 M
0.0%
Number of Competing RPGs
9,337
+275 over FY 2006
Total Number of RPGs
35,805
(642) under FY 2006
The FY 2007 program level for the NIH is $28,587 million, the same as the FY 2006 program
level. The NIH's President's Budget authority request to the Labor/Health and Human
Services/Education Appropriations Subcommittee is $28,350 million. The budget authority
request to the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Subcommittee is $78 million for the
NIEHS Superfund research program. The NIH program level also includes $150 million for the
Type I Diabetes Initiative appropriated by Public Law 107-360.
The Nation's substantial investment in NIH is yielding innumerable scientific achievements,
which are helping to improve the length and quality of human life. Research is contributing to
the reduction in morbidity and mortality from heart disease, stroke, cancer, and infectious
disease. The research NIH conducts and supports today will be the basis for countless future
advances in science and improvements in health. Such research ranges from rigorous
multicenter clinical trials for testing new therapies to the transformation of day-to-day medical
practice through practical applications in genomics.
Today, in large part because of the success of medical research, our citizens are living longer
than ever before. However, chronic diseases now account for 70 percent of all deaths and
75 percent of today's health expenditures. Ironically, the rise in the incidence and prevalence of
chronic disease is the result of the Nation's success in battling acute and lethal diseases as the
share of the U.S. population over the age of 65 increases, so has the segment of the population
most likely to suffer from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Parkinson disease,
Alzheimer disease, hypertension, and cancer. At the same time, acute infectious diseases, such
as strains of influenza that have pandemic potential, antibiotic resistant tuberculosis, and
infectious agents that might be used for bioterrorism remain a continuing and evolving
challenge. And the Nation continues to face significant health disparities among racial, ethnic,
and disadvantaged populations.
This budget request reflects the tough choices that had to be made during its formulation. To
best preserve our investment in biomedical research and to support research for medical
advancements that will improve the length and quality of human life, NIH has chosen to
carefully invest in several trans-NIH strategic initiatives and priorities that are outlined on the
following pages.
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
3
The FY 2007 budget request provides resources in the Research Project Grants (RPG)
mechanism to preserve to the greatest extent possible the ability of scientists to obtain individual
support for their research ideas. NIH will also continue to sustain efforts such as the Roadmap
for Medical Research that provide, on a competitive basis, new opportunities for scientific
advances by developing novel resources and supporting interdisciplinary innovations that will
enhance the scientific reach of individual researchers.
Biodefense
The intentional release of anthrax in 2001 underscored the seriousness of the threat of
bioterrorism. In addition to anthrax, the microbes of most concern are smallpox, plague,
tularemia, hemorrhagic fevers, and botulinum toxin. These agents are highly lethal and have the
potential to be deployed as bioweapons. NIH will continue implementation of the long-range
strategic plan for biodefense research. The NIH total Biodefense budget level is $1,891 million,
an increase of $110 million and 6.2 percent over FY 2006. Within this increase, NIH will direct
$160M, an increase of +$110M over the FY 2006 program level of $50 million, to an Advanced
Development fund in the NIH Office of the Director. This initiative, directed through the NIH
Office of the Director, will support efforts to work with academia and industry to develop
candidate countermeasures from the point of Investigation New Drug Application (INDA) to the
level that these candidate countermeasures could be eligible for acquisition by Project BioShield.
Enhanced Support for New Investigators
NIH must sustain a vibrant, creative research workforce, including sufficient numbers of new
investigators with new ideas and new skills, such as interdisciplinary research skills. The
engines that drive the research enterprise are talented, creative and dedicated research personnel.
We cannot again risk losing a "class" of young researchers, as we did in the mid-1990's, by
allowing new investigators to become utterly discouraged by the difficulty of obtaining funding
for their research ideas, and leaving science. In the FY 2007 Request, NIH will invest $15
million in a new "Pathway to Independence" program that will provide increased support for
new investigators.
NIH Roadmap for Biomedical Research
NIH has embarked on an ambitious program to refocus the investments made during the
doubling period, to help us move from 20th century medicine to 21st century medicine, and to
coalesce the research community around a strategic initiative--the NIH Roadmap. The NIH
Roadmap is the result of an ongoing series of consultations with scientists charged with thinking
broadly about the future. The Roadmap has three themes ­ New Pathways to Discovery,
Research Teams of the Future, and Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise ­
comprising 28 trans-NIH research initiatives. NIH began implementing the initiatives in FY
2004. Initiatives that build upon existing research efforts are expected to achieve their goals
rapidly, while other newer, or more complex, endeavors will likely take years to come to
fruition. Examples of the initiatives are highlighted below:
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
4
New Pathways to Discovery: $181 million. Initiatives under the NIH Roadmap's New
Pathways to Discovery theme are pushing the envelope of possibility with cutting-edge
technologies--working at smaller and smaller scales down to the atomic level,
processing information at faster and faster speeds, and synthesizing huge data sets from
disparate fields, all in ways barely imaginable a decade ago.
Multidisciplinary Research Teams of the Future: $81 million. As the cumulative store
of scientific knowledge continues to expand exponentially, scientists increasingly must
focus and specialize to push their fields to new heights. However, as noted above,
researchers also increasingly appreciate the importance of the interactions and
interconnectivity within biological systems. This reality, in addition to the scale and
complexity of today's biomedical research problems, requires today's researchers to
extend themselves beyond their own areas of research to thrive in collaborative science
teams and new scientific disciplines. Research Teams of the Future encourages new
ways of combining skills and disciplines; training of investigators to thrive in
interdisciplinary settings; and development of novel support mechanisms to facilitate
these endeavors.
Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise: $181 million. The NIH Roadmap
initiatives for this theme are designed to incorporate modern information technology into
clinical research; improve the integration of clinical research networks; stimulate the
development of more effective means to assess subjective clinical outcomes; facilitate the
coordination of clinical research policies; improve clinical research workforce training;
and support key elements of the translational research infrastructure.
In FY 2007, NIH will direct $443 million towards the Roadmap initiatives, an increase of +$113
million over the FY2006 Appropriation. Of this amount, $111 million will be provided by the
NIH Director's Discretionary Fund (DDF), and the remaining $332 million will be contributed
by the Institutes and Centers (ICs). The IC contribution to support these trans-NIH research
goals is estimated to be 1.2 percent of each individual budget request for FY 2007. Taken
together, the components of the NIH Roadmap represent an ambitious vision for a more efficient
and productive system of medical research, with the ultimate goal of improving the length and
quality of human life. The collaborative trans-agency process for developing and implementing
the NIH Roadmap represents an enhanced approach to portfolio management, and sets a new
standard for responding to emerging needs and scientific opportunities.
Genes, Environment and Health Initiative
The Department of Health and Human Services is proposing a forward-looking initiative to
benefit the health of all Americans. Recognizing that health and disease are due to the complex
interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including diet and physical activity, the
Initiative's two-pronged approach would lead directly to the identification of major genetic
susceptibility factors for common diseases like heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, cancer,
diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, while simultaneously advancing the development of new
technologies to assess the contribution of diet, physical activity, and environmental exposures to
the causation of these illnesses. Like the Human Genome Project (the successful effort to
sequence the human genome) and the International HapMap Project (the successful effort to
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
5
catalog variation in the human genome) that laid the groundwork necessary for it, this new
Initiative would catalyze the development of U.S. biotechnology and would make the data it
generates rapidly and freely available to researchers in both the public and private sectors,
speeding the development of new strategies and tools to fight disease. To prepare effectively for
this initiative, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has planned several pilot studies, which
begin in FY 2006. In FY 2007, NIH will direct $68 million towards this multi-year initiative.
Clinical and Translational Sciences
In order to accelerate the benefits of the major research investment of the past several years, NIH
will undertake a bold new program to reshape support for clinical and translational sciences. The
goal is to provide the academic homes and integrated resources necessary to advance a new
intellectual discipline of clinical and translational sciences, create and nurture a cadre of well-
trained investigators, and advance the health of the nation by transforming patient observations
and basic discovery research into clinical practice. This program will take elements of existing
NIH programs for clinical research, primarily the General Clinical Research Centers (GCRCs) in
the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), as well as Roadmap initiatives in the
Reengineering the Clinical Research theme and combine them in a way that will create better
and faster bridges between research findings and clinical practice. In addition to several full
awards, NIH plans to award planning grants for this activity in FY 2006, and in 2007 the
program will increase as existing GCRCs complete their current funding cycles and recompete as
these transformational awards. In FY 2007, NIH has also directed an additional $3 million to the
NCRR for this high-priority program.
Management Innovations
NIH will continue to pursue innovative ways to improve the management of its biomedical and
behavioral research portfolio. The newly formed Office of Portfolio Analysis and Strategic
Initiatives (OPASI) will develop methods to assist the agency in assessing its large and complex
portfolio, coordinate trans-NIH evaluation efforts, and provide a transparent process for
identifying important scientific initiatives that cut across or fall between the missions of
institutes and centers. Selected initiatives will be supported through a Common Fund that will
build on the funding base of the NIH Roadmap. Proposals for topics to be funded through the
Common Fund will be selected based on review and advice obtained from scientific and public
representatives from existing chartered NIH advisory committees and the NIH scientific
leadership. To ensure that there are sufficient funds for continuous development of new trans-
NIH efforts, it is expected that initiatives funded through this process will be time limited.
OPASI represents a bold and innovative approach that will enhance NIH-wide planning and
priority setting.
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
6
AIDS
The AIDS research program decreases by -0.5 percent or $15.172 million, for a total of $2,888
million. NIH will also continue to support the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, Malaria and
Tuberculosis, by providing $100 million from its total budget in FY2007.
Pandemic Influenza
Consistent with the Department's Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Plan, the FY 2007
President's Budget requests $17 million to support specific initiatives in pandemic influenza
research.
FY 2007 President's Budget Request
Total NIH Budget Authority
$28,578 Million
Research Centers
9%
Research Project Grants
52%
Other Research
$1,677
6%
$2,834
$760
Research Training
$15,123
3%
$2,759
$2,744
R&D Contracts
10%
Intramural Research
10%
Res. Mgmt. & Support
4%
$1,575
$1,106
All Other
6%
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
7
Mechanism Discussion
The funding of basic biomedical research through investigator-initiated research, including
Research Project Grants (RPGs), and ensuring an adequate number of new researchers with new
ideas, remains a high priority for the National Institutes of Health. The FY 2007 Request would
support an estimated 9,337 competing RPGs, for $3.3 billion, an increase of 275 competing
RPGs over the FY 2006 Appropriation. In the FY 2007 Request for NIH, the average cost of a
competing RPG will not increase over the FY 2006 Appropriation. The apparent decrease in
average cost in FY 2007 is the result of an extremely large cohort of AIDS clinical trials and G-8
HIV Vaccine awards cycling from competing into noncompeting status. While no inflationary
increases are provided for direct, recurring costs in non-competing RPG's, where the NIH has
committed to a programmatic increase in an award, such increases will be provided.
The FY 2007 request would support 1,373 Research Centers, for $2.8 billion, an increase of $62
million, or 2.3 percent.
Other Research increases by 1.2 percent. Within the Other Research mechanism, Research
Careers increases by $21 million, including $15 million for a new program to support new
investigators. This program is consistent with the recommendations contained in two recently-
published reports from the National Research Council, "Bridges to Independence: Fostering the
Independence of New Investigators in Biomedical Research" (March, 2005) and "Advancing the
Nation's Health Needs: NIH Research Training Programs" (May, 2005). This new career
transition award program, "The Pathway to Independence" will promote the initiation of
independent research careers. The award is anticipated to provide up to five years of support
consisting of two phases. The initial phase will provide 1-2 years of mentored support in the
Research Careers mechanism, followed by 1-3 years of independent support as a Research
Project Grant, contingent on securing an independent research position.
In the FY 2007 Request for NIH, stipends for trainees supported by the Ruth L. Kirschstein
National Research Service Award (NRSA) will remain at the FY 2006 Appropriation levels. No
increases are provided for other components of the NRSA training programs, such as tuition or
health benefits. In the FY 2007 request, training remains at approximately the same level as the
FY 2006 Appropriation. The FY 2007 Level will support 17,499 Full-Time Training Positions
(FTTPs), approximately the same as the FY 2006 Appropriation.
Research and Development (R&D) contracts increase by $44 million and 1.6 percent compared
to the FY 2006 Appropriation. This increase is the result of the increase in the Genes, Health
and Environment initiative and increases in the Program Evaluation set-aside.
Intramural Research decreases in total by -0.3 percent. Research Management and Support
increases by $14 million, or 1.3 percent. NIH must have the necessary resources to ensure good
stewardship of its research portfolio, including improvements in data management and security
systems.
An integral element to developing and supporting a robust extramural biodefense research
program in the U.S., is to build and provide to extramural researchers the use of the specialized,
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
8
high-containment labs that they need in order to conduct research on the most dangerous and
infectious pathogens known to exist. Researching these pathogens requires the use of biosafety
level (BSL) 3 and/or BSL-4 research laboratories. These specialized facilities, in conjunction
with specialized procedures, are designed to eliminate the threat to laboratory and clinical
personnel, and to adjacent communities, of these highly-lethal and infectious agents. In FY 2007,
NIH is requesting a total of $25 million to construct additional BSL-3 laboratories and to
renovate existing laboratories to meet current BSL-3 standards, including providing the capacity
to support Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) research processes within selected BSL-3
laboratories. Consistent with the FY 2006 Appropriation, no funds are provided for non-
biodefense extramural construction.
The Buildings and Facilities mechanism remains at $89 million, the same as the FY 2006
Appropriation. The Buildings and Facilities appropriation request is $81M, which is also the
same as FY 2006. These funds will allow NIH to fund ongoing programs for essential safety
and regulatory compliance, as well as Repairs and Improvements, in order to maintain valuable
research capacity and to ensure the safety of NIH facilities and their occupants. Funds for the
NCI-Frederick facility remain at $8 million, the same as the FY 2006 Appropriation.
The Office of the Director (OD) increases by $140 million, or 27 percent, for a total of $668
million. Of this amount, $111 million has been reserved in the NIH Director's Discretionary
Fund for the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, an increase of +$29 million over the FY 2006
Appropriation. NIH will also direct an additional $1 million to the Office of Portfolio Analysis
and Strategic Initiatives. Support for Advanced Development for biodefense countermeasures
will be directed through the NIH Office of the Director, and in FY 2007, this fund increases by
+$110 million over the FY 2006 Appropriation, for a total of $160 million. Funding for
Nuclear/Radiological and Chemical Countermeasures research will remain at $96 million, the
same as the FY 2006 Appropriation.
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
9
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
Summary of Appropriations
(Dollars in millions)
FY 2005 Budget
FY 2006
FY 2007
2007/2006
Appropriation
Authority 1/
Appropriation 1/
Estimate 1/
Includes AIDS
Includes AIDS
Includes AIDS
$ Change
NCI
4,828
4,793
4,754
-40
NHLBI
2,941
2,922
2,901
-21
NIDCR
392
389
386
-3
NIDDK 2/
1,864
1,855
1,844
-11
NINDS
1,539
1,535
1,525
-10
NIAID 3/
4,403
4,383
4,395
12
NIGMS
1,944
1,936
1,923
-12
NICHD
1,270
1,265
1,257
-7
NEI
669
667
661
-5
NIEHS
645
641
637
-4
NIA
1,052
1,047
1,040
-7
NIAMS
511
508
505
-3
NIDCD
394
393
392
-2
NIMH
1,412
1,404
1,395
-9
NIDA
1,006
1,000
995
-5
NIAAA
438
436
433
-3
NINR
138
137
137
-1
NHGRI
489
486
483
-3
NIBIB
298
297
295
-2
NCRR
1,115
1,099
1,098
-1
NCCAM
122
121
121
-1
NCMHD
196
195
194
-1
FIC
67
66
67
0
NLM
315
315
313
-2
OD 4/ 5/
405
528
668
140
B&F
110
81
81
0
Type 1 Diabetes
-150
-150
-150
0
Subtotal, Labor/HHS
28,415
28,349
28,350
1
Interior Approp. for Superfund Res.
80
79
78
-1
Total, NIH Discretionary B.A.
28,494
28,428
28,428
0
Type 1 Diabetes
150
150
150
0
Total, NIH Budget Authority
28,644
28,578
28,578
0
NLM Program Evaluation
8
8
8
0
Total, Prog. Level
28,653
28,587
28,587
0
Totals may not add due to rounding
1/ Includes funds to be transferred to the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis.
2/ Includes funds for the Type 1 Diabetes Initiative.
3/ FY 2006: NIAID includes $18,000,000 for Pandemic Influenza from PHSSEF; comparable for $49,500,000 to OD.
4/ Total OD includes Roadmap funds for FY 2005 of $59,520,000; FY 2006 of $82,170,000; FY 2007 of $110,700,000.
5/ OD comparable for $47,021,000 from PHSSEF - FY 2005, and $49,500,000 from NIAID for Advance Development - FY 2006.
National Institutes of Health FY 2007 President's Budget
10
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
Budget Mechanism - Total
(Dollars in Millions)
FY 2005
FY 2006
FY 2007
2007/2006
MECHANISM
Actual 1/
Appropriation
Estimate
# Change
$ Change
% Change - $
Research Grants:
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
No.
Amount
Research Projects:
Noncompeting
27,385
$11,019
27,385
11,158
26,468
$11,081
(917)
($77)
-0.7
Administrative supplements
(1,860)
436
(1,628)
184
(1,592)
167
(36)
(17)
-9.3
Competing
9,599
3,406
9,062
3,408
9,337
3,271
275
(136)
-4.0
Subtotal, RPGs
36,984
14,861
36,447
14,750
35,805
14,520
(642)
(230)
-1.6
SBIR/STTR
1,924
623
1,880
605
1,866
603
(14)
(2)
-0.4
Subtotal, RPGs
38,908
15,484
38,327
15,355
37,671
15,123
(656)
(233)
-1.5
Research Centers:
Specialized/comprehensive
1,125
2,125
1,125
2,164
1,093
2,230
(32)
66
3.1
Clinical research
103
298
105
305
101
308
(4)
3
0.9
Biotechnology
97
134
94
131
101
129
7
(1)
-1.1
Comparative medicine
51
119
51
117
50
113
(1)
(4)
-3.5
Research Centers in Minority Institutions
17
55
28
54
28
54
0
(1)
-1.8
Subtotal, Centers
1,393
2,731
1,403
2,771
1,373
2,834
(30)
62
2.3
Other Research:
Research careers
4,232
633
4,233
642
4,352
664
119
21
3.3
Cancer education
101
35
99
34
99
34
0
(0)
-0.5
Cooperative clinical research
327
335
335
339
340
337
5
(1)
-0.4
Biomedical research support
156
70
142
66
139
64
(3)
(1)
-1.8
Minority biomedical research support
155
116
153
115
152
114
(1)
(1)
-0.6
Other
1,710
448
1,681
460
1,632
463
(49)
3
0.6
Subtotal, Other Research
6,681
1,636
6,643
1,656
6,714
1,677
71
21
1.2
Total Research Grants
46,982
19,850
46,373
19,783
45,758
19,633
(615)
(149)
-0.8
Ruth L. Kirschstein Training Awards:
FTTPs
FTTPs
FTTPs
Individual awards
2,923
119
2,869
120
2,856
120
(13)
(1)
-0.4
Institutional awards
14,715
637
14,590
640
14,643
641
53
0
0.0
Total, Training
17,638
756
17,459
761
17,499
760
40
(0)
0.0
Research & development contracts
2,891
2,641
2,842
2,700
2,891
2,744
49
44
1.6
(SBIR/STTR)
(92)
(24)
(103)
(27)
(103)
(27)
0
(0)
-0.5
Intramural research
2,756
2,768
2,759
(9)
-0.3
Research management and support
1,079
1,092
1,106
14
1.3
Cancer prevention & control
532
520
517
(3)
-0.5
Extramural Construction
179
30
25
(5)
-15.8
Library of Medicine
313
312
309
(3)
-0.8
Appropriation
(315)
(315)
(313)
(-2)
-0.5
Office of the Director
341
445
557
112
25.1
Appropriation
(405)
(528)
(668)
(140)
26.6
Buildings and Facilities 2/
118
89
89
0
0.0
Type 1 Diabetes 3/
-150
-150
-150
0
0.0
Subtotal, Labor/HHS Budget Authority
28,415
28,349
28,350
1
0.0
Interior Appropriation for Superfund Res.
80
79
78
(1)
-0.9
Total, NIH Discretionary B.A.
28,494
28,428
28,428
0
0.0
Type 1 Diabetes 3/
150
150
150
00.0
Total, NIH Budget Authority
28,644
28,578
28,578
0
0.0
NLM Program Evaluation
8
8
8
00.0
Total, Program Level
28,653
28,587
28,587
0
0.0
1/ Budget Authority 2005 total includes mechanism distribution of NCI breast cancer stamp funds of $2,987,000.
2/ Includes the B&F appropriation plus the following included in NCI -- FY 05: $7,936,000; FY 06: $7,920,000; FY 07: $7,920,000.
3/ Included in NIDDK -- FY 05: $150,000,000; FY 06: $150,000,000; FY 07: $150,000,000.
May not add due to rounding.
Numbers of grants identified in FY 2006 and FY 2007 are estimates, and WILL change as
applications are received and selected for funding.

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